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Glossary

When we talk about color, we sometimes use different terms and the conversation becomes confusing. We’ve created this glossary to help you understand “what’s what” and avoid misunderstandings in conversations around color.

Color theory

Common name for the various explanatory models of color vision, derived from scientific or technical research and from a physical, philosophical, artistic, chemical, metaphysical, technological or metalinguistic approach.

The systems of Color Order

The attempts to understand the phenomenon of color go way back in history and, along with it, the need to organize colors in a legible system. From Aristotle to our times, color systems have followed one after another, improving their rationale and relationships, and expanding the capacity to include more colors.
The natural color system created by Moses Harris around 1770.

The natural color system created by Moses Harris around 1770.
https://www.ttamayo.com/circulo-cromatico-moses-harris/

Color charts

Some color systems have developed color charts. These are sheets that represent each of the colors included in the system, with its specific nomenclature to identify its position in the color space in which it is inscribed, as is the case of this NCS chart [2].

Natural Color System (NCS)

It is a Swedish color specification system designed by Anders Hard around 1979, with an arrangement of 1,400 standards organized in 42 diagrams with chromatic specifications. This is currently one of the most widespread languages of chromatic understanding among designers and architects, at international level [3].

Munsell System

A color system developed by Albert Henry Munsell between 1902 and 1914 (A color notation; Munsell’s color atlas), whose fundamental variables are the psychological chromatic attributes “hue”, “value” and “chroma” (equivalent to hue, lightness and saturation). The system considers these variables as gradients scaled in ten values (degrees of clarity), ten shades (degrees of hue) and ten “chroma” (degrees of chroma; from null to “Munsell’s maximum chroma), as shown in the image [4]. It is one of the most important systems of color sorting, from the scientific, technological and iconolinguistic perspective of color [5]. The color chart of this system is used by agronomists and foresters, among others, for chromatic measurement of soils and rocks [6].

CIELab color space

The CIELab color space is a chromatic space proposed and recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, based on three values. The first value is the distribution of increasing brightness on a vertical axis (L) at the ends of which are “white” and “black”; and the horizontal axes a (red-green) and b (yellow-blue). In the middle of these three axes are all visible colors.
References
(7) https://sensing.konicaminolta.us/mx/blog/entendiendo-el-espacio-de-color-cie-lab/

Pantone System

Common name for the American color specification system developed by Pantone Inc. Its main applications revolve around graphic design and the different activities of the prepress process. It is also used in products and fashion. (8).
References
(8) https://www.pantone.com/eu/es/sistemas-de-color/sistemas-color-intro

CMYK system

The acronym CMYK –primary colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (K) ink plates– corresponds to a subtractive color model used for color printing. Printers work with this model because they achieve almost all the colors of any print using only these four inks by printing overlapping layers (9).

References

(9) https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo_de_color_CMYK

RGB System

The acronym RGB –primary colors red, green, and blue– describes a color model called additive synthesis. These colors are used in screens and, through the optical combination of only these three colors, the infinite colors of an image become visible; for example, in a cell phone or a TV set (10).
References
(10) https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB#:~:text=RGB%20es%20el%20tratamiento%20de,reproducci%C3%B3n%20m%C3%A1s%20fiel%20del%20color.

HEX or Web Color System

The hexadecimal code consists of six alphanumeric characters which represent the RGB color values. The first two characters represent the value of red, the next two represent the value of green, and the last two represent the value of blue. Each of these characters can be a number from 0 to 9 or a letter from A to F. For example, the hexadecimal code for pure red is #FF0000, while the code for white is #FFFFFF (11).
References
(11) https://github.com/mjhorvath/Datumizer-Wikipedia-Illustrations.
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